Analysis of Challenges to Food Security and Its Recommended Strategies

Food security is a global challenge embedding complexities including social, economic and environmental fronts. Food security has to be achieved on the quantitative and qualitative level reflected by food availability, food access, food use and their stability. As a result, food security is overlapped to agricultural systems including food production, processing, distribution, retails, delivery to households and consumption of customer. Also food insecurity can be examined by three gaps which are status quo gap, nutrition gap and distribution gap. Land loss, scarcity of freshwater, climate change pose large threats on the food availability In terms of developing countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa, poverty and unequal human’s rights inseparably caused food insecurity, while population growth has a globally negative influence on food security, which affects developing nations the most considering demographics and birth rates. On the arena of economic considerations, food security is subjective to income levels within countries, uneven distribution of economic growth as well as soaring food price. In order to counteract this global crisis, two international strategies should be supplemented by initiating an international food aid organization, as well as a research and education centre to improve food accessibility, food production and to address food waste. To narrow the scale down to developing countries, crop intensification can cut down capital investment associated with providing more local job opportunities considering poverty and population expansion. Another strategy can be adopting the agro-forestry as one form of sustainable agricultural systems. This, to some extent, provides some resilience to climate change and also increases the diversity of income, particularly targeting small scale farmers who are the major components of agricultural production in Africa.